Bihar

The Mahabodhi Temple or the Mahābodhi Mahāvihāra, is a restored Buddhist temple in Bodh Gaya, Bihar, India, marking the location where the Buddha is said to have attained enlightenment, according to the Buddhist faith. A UNESCO World Heritage Site, the site contains a tree believed to be a descendant of the Bodhi Tree under which the Buddha gained enlightenment and which has been a major pilgrimage destination of Buddhists for over two thousand years.

Nalanda was a renowned Buddhist mahavihara in medieval Magadha, eastern India. Widely considered to be among the greatest centres of learning in the ancient world and often referred to as "the world's first residential university", it was located near the city of Rajagriha, roughly 90 kilometres southeast of Pataliputra.

Rajgir is an ancient city and university town in the Nalanda district of Bihar, India. It is also considered a cultural capital of Magadh. It was the capital of the Haryanka dynasty, the Pradyota dynasty, the Brihadratha dynasty, the Maurya Empire, and it was the retreat center for the Buddha and his sangha. Other historical figures such as Mahavira and king Bimbisara lived there, and due to its religious significance, the city holds a place of prominence in Buddhist, Jain and Hindu scriptures.

Patna, historically known as Pāṭaliputra, is the capital and largest city of the Indian state of Bihar. According to the United Nations, as of 2026, Patna had a population of 3.33 million, making it the 19th largest city in India. Covering 250 square kilometres and over 2.5 million people, its urban agglomeration is the 18th largest in India. Patna also serves as the seat of Patna High Court.

Pawapuri, or Pavapuri, is a holy site for Jains located in the Nalanda district of Bihar state in eastern India. It is located about 19 kilometres from Rajgir and 101 kilometres from Patna, the capital of Bihar. Pawapuri is Mahavira's nirvana and a pilgrimage site for Jains.

Vaishali, Vesali or Vaiśālī was an ancient city and today an archaeological site located north of Patna in present-day Bihar, India. It is also a Jain and Buddhist pilgrimage site. As an archaeological site it is spread over a group of modern villages located within the Vaishali District in Tirhut Division. It was the capital city of the Vajjika League considered one of the first examples of a republic that dates from c. 6th century BCE. Gautama Buddha preached his last sermon before his mahaparinirvana in c.

Vikramashila was a Buddhist monastic university situated in what is now modern-day Bihar in India. It was founded by King Dharmapala between the late eighth and early ninth centuries. It was one of the three most important Buddhist Mahaviharas of its time in India, along with Nalanda and Odantapuri. Its location is now the site of Antichak village near Kahalgaon, Bhagalpur district in Bihar. It was one of the largest Buddhist mahaviharas, with more than one hundred teachers and about one thousand students.

Valmiki National Park is a national park and tiger reserve in the West Champaran District of Bihar, India covering 898.45 km2. It is the only National park in Bihar.